In May 2025, NASA commenced the second phase of its Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog (CHAPEA) initiative, a year-long simulation designed to prepare for future human exploration of Mars. Four volunteers are currently living and working within a 1,700-square-foot habitat, known as Mars Dune Alpha, at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. This habitat is a 3D-printed structure engineered to replicate Martian living conditions.
The primary objective of CHAPEA 2 is to gather comprehensive data on the long-term effects of extended space missions on human health and performance. The crew is actively engaged in activities mirroring those anticipated on a Mars mission, such as simulated Mars walks, crop cultivation, and habitat maintenance. They are also navigating environmental stressors like resource limitations and isolation, crucial factors for deep-space voyages. The Mars Dune Alpha habitat is equipped with private quarters, a communal kitchen, medical, recreational, and fitness areas, a work area, crop cultivation facilities, two bathrooms, and a technical workspace.
Building upon the insights from the first CHAPEA mission, which concluded on July 6, 2024, this second iteration aims to further refine understanding of prolonged space mission challenges. The initial crew's experiences with simulated Mars walks, crop cultivation, and managing isolation and communication delays have significantly enhanced knowledge regarding crew well-being in extreme environments. Research indicates that prolonged isolation can increase the risk of behavioral and psychiatric issues, impacting sleep, morale, and decision-making.
To mitigate these effects, NASA promotes self-care practices like journaling and highlights the therapeutic benefits of growing fresh produce. The second CHAPEA mission is scheduled to conclude in May 2026. The data collected from these simulations will be instrumental in developing strategies to support future crews facing the complex human health and performance challenges inherent in missions beyond Earth. As of September 6, 2025, the mission is actively underway, with the crew continuing their simulated Martian operations.