The Central Forensic Genetics Unit of the Mossos d'Esquadra police in Catalonia has integrated advanced artificial intelligence (AI) software into their forensic investigations. This new technology allows for rapid identification of spermatozoa in biological samples, significantly speeding up the analysis process in cases involving sexual violence.
Subinspector Sergi Valiente explained that the AI can recognize previously identified spermatozoa in similar samples, thus saving valuable time during investigations. The software works in conjunction with a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) system, which expands the forensic capabilities to include mitochondrial DNA analysis and phenotypic studies.
This innovative approach not only aids in solving current cases but also revisits unsolved historical cases by extracting new DNA information. The NGS technology allows for lineage identification through maternal ancestry, which can assist in identifying missing persons.
Valiente emphasized the growing need for bioinformatics experts in the police force to manage the increased data and analytical possibilities provided by these advancements. The unit primarily investigates violent crimes, including homicides and sexual assaults, and ensures that evidence is handled correctly to maintain its integrity.
Collaboration with other police forces and institutions is crucial for sharing scientific advancements and improving forensic methodologies. An example of this collaboration is the upcoming 52nd ENFSI DNA congress in Barcelona, which will gather forensic scientists from across Europe, including representatives from the FBI, to discuss the latest technological developments in forensic genetics.
Valiente noted that humanitarian cases, such as identifying remains of missing persons, are prioritized within the unit. With the introduction of these new technologies, the speed and effectiveness of DNA identification processes are expected to improve significantly.