SpaceX's Dragon cargo spacecraft has successfully performed a reboost maneuver for the International Space Station (ISS), marking the first time a U.S. commercial spacecraft has undertaken this critical orbital maintenance task. The operation, which took place on September 3, 2025, utilized two Draco engines from the spacecraft's unpressurized trunk.
Historically, Russian Progress spacecraft have been the primary means of boosting the ISS's orbit, which naturally decays due to atmospheric drag. The ISS orbits at an average altitude of approximately 250 miles (400 kilometers). This new capability for a U.S. commercial vehicle is particularly significant as NASA prepares for potential shifts in international partnerships, with Russia having indicated a possible withdrawal from the ISS program as early as 2028. The ISS is currently slated to continue operations through 2030.
The Dragon spacecraft, part of NASA's 33rd Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-33) mission, arrived at the ISS on August 25, 2025, carrying over 5,000 pounds of supplies and scientific experiments. This specific mission was equipped with a specialized "boost kit" propulsion module in its trunk, designed explicitly for reboost maneuvers. The successful test burn on September 3 elevated the station's altitude, with its orbit reaching between 256.3 and 260.9 miles (412 to 419.9 kilometers).
This advancement in reboost capability is crucial for the ongoing maintenance of the ISS and supports NASA's long-term strategy for the station's operational life and eventual controlled deorbit. The Dragon spacecraft is expected to remain attached to the ISS until late December or early January before returning to Earth with research samples and cargo.
The successful demonstration underscores the evolving collaboration between NASA and SpaceX, enhancing the autonomy and flexibility in managing the ISS's orbital parameters. This development aligns with NASA's broader strategy to foster robust capabilities for maintaining orbital assets through its commercial partners, reducing reliance on any single partner and ensuring the station's sustained operation.