Scientists continue to explore the mysteries of dark matter, which constitutes approximately 27% of the universe's mass. Recent studies suggest that axions, hypothetical particles, may be produced around neutron stars, offering new insights into dark matter research.
Neutron stars, remnants of supernova explosions, are among the densest objects in the universe. Researchers propose that axions generated in these stars could transform into photons, escaping the gravitational pull, while others might remain trapped, forming axion clouds.
A recent publication in Physical Review X by researchers from Amsterdam, Princeton, and Oxford highlights magnetars—neutron stars with exceptionally strong magnetic fields—as ideal environments for converting axions into detectable light. This conversion could potentially be observed by space telescopes.
Detecting axions remains challenging due to their elusive nature. The Primakoff effect, which allows for the conversion of axions into light in the presence of strong magnetic fields, is considered a more likely detection method. Magnetars are particularly interesting for physicists studying this phenomenon.
The electromagnetic waves resulting from axion conversion can vary in wavelength, but the Earth's ionosphere blocks long radio waves, making space telescopes essential for capturing these signals. Current telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope, focus on infrared observations, emphasizing the need for dedicated radio observatories.
One promising initiative is the Lunar Crater Radio Telescope, proposed to be located on the Moon's far side, which would provide optimal conditions for detecting signals from axion conversions. Scientists believe these signals could be crucial for advancing the understanding of new physics.