A recent archaeological find in Luxembourg has unveiled a hoard of 141 Roman gold coins, including three minted during the brief reign of Emperor Eugenius, shedding light on a turbulent historical period. The excavation took place in Holzthum from 2020 to 2024, amidst unexploded ordnance from World War II.
The significance of this discovery extends beyond its historical relevance; it highlights the dangerous conditions under which the excavation was conducted. Archaeologists faced numerous unexploded bombs, necessitating assistance from the Luxembourg Army’s Mine Action Service (SEDAL).
Eugenius ruled the Western Roman Empire for only two years, from 392 to 394 AD, during a time of intense political and religious strife. Supported by the influential Frankish general Flavius Arbogastes, Eugenius attempted to restore paganism in an empire increasingly dominated by Christianity. His reign ended tragically at the Battle of Frigidus, where he was defeated and executed by Theodosius I, the Eastern Emperor, solidifying Christian dominance in the Empire.
The coins, featuring his likeness, are exceptionally rare and provide valuable insights into a frequently overlooked leader. Representatives from the National Institute of Archaeological Research (INRA) of Luxembourg stated, "This archaeological discovery is of great importance, as studying a complete ancient monetary deposit in its archaeological context is extremely rare."
Known as solidi, these coins weigh approximately 4.5 grams each and were introduced by Constantine the Great in the early 4th century. Their enduring stability reflects the economic and political influence of the Roman Empire. However, the circumstances surrounding their burial in Holzthum remain a mystery.
Archaeologists speculate that the owner of this treasure may have been a soldier, officer, or even an ordinary citizen forced to hide their savings amid the Empire’s internal conflicts and external threats from barbarian tribes. This discovery, along with the remains of a fortified tower and several graves, suggests that Holzthum played a crucial role in the defense and organization of the Roman frontier in the 4th century.
The excavation was fraught with risks, as Holzthum was the site of intense fighting during World War II, and archaeologists encountered a significant amount of unexploded ordnance nearby. Collaboration with SEDAL was essential to ensure the safety of the team during the dig.
This find not only enhances our understanding of a critical period in Roman history but also illustrates how remnants of past conflicts can intertwine unexpectedly, offering a deeper and more complex view of our shared history.