When thinking of pets, dogs and cats often come to mind. However, the rat, often regarded negatively, has successfully adapted alongside humans and is one of the most widespread animals on the planet.
Scientific debate continues about how domestication began, with evidence suggesting that it started around 30,000 years ago when wolves began to bond with humans. A significant shift occurred when European colonizers encountered Indigenous peoples in the Americas, who viewed animals as integral members of their lives, contrasting with the European perspective that often relegated them to subservient roles.
The relationship between humans and dogs is particularly notable, as they share health issues with their owners, indicating a connection that goes beyond companionship. Research suggests that dogs suffer from similar 'civilization diseases' as humans, highlighting their role as indicators of human health.
Despite the popularity of dogs and cats, rats have adapted incredibly well to human environments. They are found almost everywhere, and estimates suggest their population rivals that of humans. However, their reputation is tainted due to associations with disease and unsanitary conditions.
Rats have traveled the world in two major waves from Asia, with the black rat being the first to associate closely with humans. The brown rat later emerged as the dominant species due to its adaptability and reproductive capabilities. Rats can reproduce rapidly, leading to populations that are difficult to control once established.
Interestingly, rat breeding has a history that includes both macabre sports in 18th and 19th century England and selective breeding for traits like color in Japan. By the late 19th century, rats became essential in scientific research, leading to discoveries in various fields, including neuroscience.
Recent studies have revealed that rats possess emotional and cognitive abilities, such as empathy and social learning. They can exhibit optimistic or pessimistic behaviors and even respond to the distress of others, prompting a reconsideration of their status in the animal kingdom.
Ultimately, rats deserve a better reputation, as they have contributed significantly to human knowledge and continue to exhibit complex behaviors that challenge our understanding of animal intelligence.