DNA and RNA Epigenetics Cooperate in Gene Expression

Scientists have discovered a novel mechanism where DNA and RNA epigenetics, previously thought independent, work together to fine-tune gene expression. This finding challenges existing understanding of epigenetics, the process where chemical groups attach to genes, altering their activity without changing the DNA sequence. A study published in *Cell* reveals that epigenetic adjustments occur simultaneously on both DNA and RNA. Researchers found that the METTL3-METTL14 protein complex, known to modify RNA, also recruits and binds to DNMT1, a protein that modifies DNA. This complex enables cells to precisely regulate gene expression during cell differentiation, where stem cells develop into specialized cells. The study, primarily focused on mouse embryonic stem cells, suggests this mechanism is likely present in all cell types. Researchers aim to investigate the link between this genetic control and cancer, exploring if disruptions in DNA and RNA epigenetic coordination could lead to tumor development. Preliminary lab studies indicate that combining therapies that inhibit DNA and RNA methylation may be beneficial for leukemia patients.