In July 2025, Australia concluded a significant trade dispute with the United States by lifting its biosecurity restrictions on U.S. beef imports. This decision, following a comprehensive review, confirms that the U.S. has enhanced its cattle traceability measures, effectively managing biosecurity risks, including those associated with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). The restrictions had been in place since 2003, becoming a focal point of contention, particularly after the U.S. imposed a 10% tariff on Australian goods in April 2025. President Donald Trump had previously voiced criticism regarding Australia's stance on importing U.S. beef, characterizing it as contrary to friendly relations.
Despite the U.S. tariffs, Australian beef exports to the U.S. experienced a notable surge. In July 2025, these exports climbed by 12% compared to the previous year, reaching 43,000 tonnes. This increase was attributed to a constrained domestic supply in the U.S., exacerbated by prolonged droughts and elevated meat prices. Industry leaders within the Australian cattle sector expressed confidence that the removal of import restrictions would not substantially affect the domestic market, highlighting Australia's robust beef production capacity. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has been strengthening its animal disease traceability regulations, including the implementation of electronic identification (EID) tags for certain cattle and bison moving interstate to expedite tracking and response to foreign animal diseases. While the U.S. government viewed this development positively, some Australian producers adopted a cautious stance, emphasizing the importance of preserving the nation's disease-free status. The Australian government has pledged to closely monitor the situation, ensuring ongoing biosecurity measures safeguard the country's cattle industry. The National Farmers' Federation has called for an independent review of the decision, stressing the importance of basing policy changes on scientific evidence.