Archaeologists in Turkey's Elazığ province have uncovered a significant Roman bathhouse dating back approximately 1,700 years. The discovery in Salkaya village provides a detailed look into the sophisticated engineering and daily life of the Late Roman period.
The excavation was prompted by a farmer's discovery of a Roman mosaic fragment in 2023 while planting cherry trees. Subsequent investigations, including ground-penetrating radar surveys, led to the unearthing of the bathhouse, which spans about 75 square meters. This structure is a prime example of Roman ingenuity, featuring a hypocaust system, an advanced underfloor heating method. This ancient technology utilized a furnace to circulate hot air beneath raised floors and through wall channels, creating distinct temperature zones similar to modern spa facilities.
The bathhouse also incorporated separate channels for water supply and wastewater removal, indicating a well-developed understanding of sanitation and comfort. Ahmet Demirdag, the provincial director for culture and tourism, stated that this is the first Roman bathhouse of its kind found in Elazığ. He noted that the mosaic and the bath complex are part of a larger ancient urban settlement, suggesting the region was a key center during Roman times. Further excavations are underway, with plans to eventually open the site to the public.
The hypocaust system, a hallmark of Roman architectural prowess, was widely used across the Roman Empire, from Britain to Italy. The Elazığ discovery contributes to the understanding of Roman influence and engineering in eastern Anatolia. The sophisticated design of the hypocaust system, which used wood-burning furnaces, is considered a precursor to contemporary underfloor heating, highlighting the advanced engineering capabilities of the Roman era.