Peru's Ministry Initiates Planting of Ancient Colored Cotton at Huaca Pucllana Archaeological Site

Peru's Ministry of the Environment (Minam), working through its General Directorate of Biodiversity, has launched a crucial initiative aimed at conserving and promoting the native colored cotton species, Gossypium barbadense. This particular species is recognized as an invaluable genetic resource, forming the bedrock of Peru's unique biodiversity heritage. On December 5, 2025, thirty-eight seedlings of this ancestral cotton variety were planted within the local flora and fauna park situated at the Huaca Pucllana Museum Site in Lima.

This strategic action is designed to ensure the long-term viability of a species historically prized for its natural color palette, which encompasses shades of brown, lilac, green, and white. The cotton is intrinsically linked to the nation's ancient textile traditions and is officially classified as an inseparable element of Peru's biological and cultural wealth. Agronomy and genetics specialists believe that this resilient crop holds significant potential for developing new cultivars capable of withstanding contemporary shifts in climate.

The Huaca Pucllana archaeological site, located in the Miraflores district, carries profound historical weight. Excavations conducted there have unearthed cotton seeds dating back more than a millennium. Historically, Gossypium barbadense played a pivotal role in the development of Peru's coastal civilizations, such as the Norte Chico and Nazca cultures. These societies utilized the fiber extensively for weaving, often blending it with wool. Records from the early 16th century show that Spanish conquistadors noted the widespread use of cotton by the indigenous populations for clothing production.

The collaboration between the environmental protection agencies and cultural bodies underscores the vital necessity of safeguarding this agricultural legacy, which stretches back thousands of years. The Huaca Pucllana Museum Site, established in 1984, currently displays artifacts recovered from the pyramid structure built by the Lima culture between 200 and 700 AD. Planting the cotton seedlings in the adjacent park also serves an important educational function, illustrating the continuity of ancient agricultural practices for modern visitors.

Safeguarding genetic diversity, particularly with regard to native species like this cotton, aligns with Peru's broader environmental conservation strategy. This strategy also encompasses protective measures for its forests and marine ecosystems. Minam's ongoing efforts are focused on strengthening and standardizing the management of natural resources—a national priority. The revitalization project targeting this ancient cotton variety represents a concrete step toward securing the sustainability of the nation's agro-biodiversity.