ASTANA - December 19, 2024. Modernizing grid infrastructure is essential for advancing green energy adoption in Kazakhstan, according to Sultan Valikhanov, an expert at EconomyKZ.
Valikhanov emphasizes that green electrification is crucial for sustainable development, allowing Kazakhstan to leverage international experience to lead renewable energy efforts in Central Asia. Immediate action is necessary to overcome existing barriers.
The TotalEnergies Energy Outlook 2024 report indicates that approximately 60% of energy is lost due to inefficiencies in conversion and transportation. In a scenario aimed at limiting global warming to below +2 degrees Celsius by 2100, these losses could decrease to 40%.
Insufficient infrastructure is a significant barrier to the green transition. Valikhanov notes that Europe loses up to 15% of renewable energy due to inadequate grid capacity. Similar issues affect Kazakhstan, particularly in regions with high renewable generation potential, such as Mangystau and Zhambyl, hindering sector development and deterring investors.
Valikhanov points to China's rapid advancements in solar and wind energy, where, by 2023, it became the leader in installed capacity. China is also developing energy storage solutions, addressing the instability of renewable sources. Kazakhstan could adapt these technologies to mitigate the effects of variable solar and wind conditions.
Further complicating the transition, over 70% of Kazakhstan's electricity is generated from coal, presenting both environmental and economic risks. The TotalEnergies report suggests that replacing coal with renewable sources, complemented by flexible gas-fired plants, could reduce global CO2 emissions by up to eight gigatonnes. For Kazakhstan, this transition could improve air quality and fulfill international climate commitments.
In the U.S., attracting private investment through tax incentives and subsidies has been a key strategy for promoting green energy. Kazakhstan could adopt a similar approach, integrating the development of conventional and new energy sources with a focus on sustainability.
Additionally, providing incentives for electric vehicles could facilitate the green transition. The report predicts a sixfold increase in zero-emission vehicle sales by 2050, yet electric vehicle usage in Kazakhstan remains low. Implementing subsidies and establishing charging infrastructure could accelerate the shift towards green transportation.