An international collaboration of scientists has discovered that the yellow-crested white cockatoo comprises three distinct species, not subspecies as previously thought. This groundbreaking genomic research is vital for the conservation of these iconic birds.
The study revealed that the yellow-crested cockatoo population in New Guinea is critically endangered, with only 2,000 individuals remaining due to illegal trapping for the pet trade. One study focused on distinguishing the sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) and the triton cockatoo (Cacatua triton), confirming they are separate species inhabiting different landmasses.
Lead researcher Arthur Sands from the National University of Singapore utilized modern genomic analysis to clarify the taxonomy of these cockatoos. The sulphur-crested cockatoo is native to eastern Australia, while the triton cockatoo is primarily found in New Guinea. Misidentification as subspecies has hindered conservation efforts, particularly in areas where both species coexist.
Dr. Sands emphasized the conservation implications, stating, “Introducing the wrong species in the wrong place could jeopardize their long-term survival in the wild through hybridization or competition.” The study also included bioacoustic analyses, confirming that these species produce distinct sounds.
Another study led by Astrid Andersson focused on the yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea), which is critically endangered with fewer than 2,000 individuals in the wild. Using DNA from museum specimens, researchers identified three genetically distinct groups of this species.
Dr. Andersson noted, “Museomics provides valuable information to inform conservation efforts, such as translocation and genetic rescue.” The findings underscore the need for updated taxonomic classifications and conservation strategies to protect these species effectively.
The studies highlight the importance of genomic data in conservation planning, as they reveal the genetic diversity within and among these cockatoo species.