Lung cancer, a leading cause of global mortality, presents significant challenges for modern medicine, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 85% of cases. Early detection issues and limitations of current therapies hinder effective treatment. However, researchers from POSTECH and Kyungpook National University have developed a groundbreaking approach that could transform NSCLC therapy.
Inspired by the adhesive properties of marine mussel proteins, the team, led by Professor Hyung Joon Cha and Yeonsu Jeong, in collaboration with Professor Yun Kee Jo, designed an inhalable therapeutic delivery system aimed at revolutionizing lung cancer treatment.
The primary challenge in developing effective lung cancer therapies lies in the natural barriers of the respiratory system, such as mucus and immune cells, which impede drug action in affected areas. To overcome these limitations, the researchers utilized the adhesive capabilities of mussel foot protein, known for its performance in extreme underwater conditions.
By modifying the fp-1 protein to incorporate cysteine, the team created a protein nanoparticle with enhanced adhesive strength and highly controlled drug release capabilities. This design allows nanoparticles to effectively adhere to tumor sites in the lungs, delivering therapeutic agents directly to the cancer microenvironment while minimizing exposure to healthy tissues.
In animal model tests, the nanoparticles proved highly effective. Administered via a nebulizer, these particles not only adhered to lung mucus for extended periods but also inhibited cancer cell metastasis and invasion.
The ability to remain at the action site longer, combined with their biocompatibility and biodegradability, ensures prolonged and precise drug release, significantly enhancing efficacy while reducing adverse side effects associated with traditional systemic treatments like intravenous chemotherapy.
Beyond therapeutic efficacy, the inhalable system has the potential to transform the lung cancer treatment experience for patients. The option to self-administer drugs at home via an inhaler reduces the need for frequent hospital visits, improving treatment accessibility and alleviating the emotional and financial burdens associated with conventional therapies.
“Our study's findings have the potential to substantially enhance both the precision and efficacy of lung cancer treatments while significantly improving patients' quality of life,” stated Professor Hyung Joon Cha.
This research marks a significant advancement in the fight against lung cancer. Mussel protein-based nanoparticles not only offer an innovative and effective solution but also open new avenues for targeted therapies for other cancer types and respiratory diseases.
While initial results are promising, the next step involves transitioning these innovations to clinical settings through human trials. If results are replicated in patients, this approach could set a new standard in lung cancer treatment, representing a pivotal moment in oncology.