Engineers at the University of Virginia are advancing electric propulsion (EP) technology, crucial for future space exploration. Assistant Professor Chen Cui is investigating the dynamics of electrons in plasma beams emitted by EP thrusters, aiming to enhance their efficiency and reliability for long-duration missions.
Cui's research, conducted in collaboration with USC professor Joseph Wang, was published in December 2024, providing insights into electron behavior within plasma. This understanding is vital as the plume emitted by thrusters, rather than merely serving as exhaust, plays a critical role in the propulsion system's integrity.
Electric propulsion systems offer significant advantages over traditional chemical rockets, including greater fuel efficiency and the ability to travel longer distances with less fuel. They are particularly suited for missions like NASA's Artemis program, which aims to return humans to the Moon and eventually send astronauts to Mars.
However, the interaction between the plasma plume and spacecraft components poses challenges. If particles flow back toward the spacecraft, they risk damaging essential equipment. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the plume's behavior is necessary for the successful operation of EP thrusters over extended periods.
Cui employs advanced computer simulations powered by supercomputers to analyze plasma behavior in EP systems. His findings reveal that electron velocity distribution within the beam exhibits distinct patterns, which differ based on temperature and speed, indicating the complexity of electron interactions.
These insights could significantly improve the design and operation of electric propulsion systems, ensuring their effectiveness for long-term space missions and enhancing international efforts in space exploration.