The Atacama Desert, globally recognized as the driest non-polar desert, is currently showcasing a spectacular 'Desierto Florido' (flowering desert) event in 2025. This rare natural display of vibrant flora is unfolding across 57,107 hectares within the recently established Desierto Florido National Park.
The park, created in 2023, aims to protect this unique ecosystem. The current extraordinary bloom is a direct result of recent rainfall, which is crucial for the germination of dormant seeds. The landscape is now adorned with over 200 species of flora, including endemic varieties such as añañucas (Rhodolirium montanum), guanaco's paw (Cistanthe grandiflora), and lion's claws (Bomarea ovallei). These resilient plants, adapted to arid conditions, are bursting with color following adequate precipitation.
Experts attribute this exceptional flowering to the influence of El Niño, a weather pattern known to increase rainfall in the region. While such widespread blooms are infrequent, occurring at irregular intervals, they offer a profound glimpse into the desert's latent capacity for life. The peak viewing period for this natural wonder is anticipated between September 18th and mid-October.
Scientific research is significantly benefiting from this event, providing valuable insights into species resilience and adaptation strategies in extreme environments. The establishment of the Desierto Florido National Park underscores a commitment to safeguarding this delicate ecosystem. Visitors are urged to practice sustainable tourism by staying on marked trails and refraining from collecting plant specimens.
Historically, significant blooms in the Atacama have been linked to El Niño events, with notable occurrences in 2015 and 2017. More recent events include a winter bloom in 2022 and an unusual winter efflorescence in July 2024. These occurrences highlight the desert's dynamic response to climatic variations. Scientists note that while spring blooms are more common, winter blooms have also been recorded, such as in 2015. Some seeds can remain dormant for up to 15 years, awaiting the precise conditions to flourish. Research has identified up to 265 candidate genes associated with plant adaptation to extreme conditions, offering potential for developing more resilient crops in the face of climate change.