A UN investigation reveals Iran is escalating its use of digital surveillance and "state-sponsored vigilantism" to suppress dissent after the 2022 "Women, Life, Freedom" protests. The UN's Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Iran, in a report released Friday, states Tehran is making "concerted state efforts to stifle dissent, perpetuating a climate of fear and systematic impunity."
The report details increased use of technology and surveillance, including the Nazer app, which allows individuals to report hijab non-compliance, even in ambulances and taxis. Aerial drone surveillance was also used in Tehran and southern Iran in April 2024 to monitor hijab compliance. The mission found that the judicial system lacks independence, and victims seeking accountability face intimidation and prosecution.
Investigators collected 38,000 evidence items and interviewed 285 victims and witnesses, despite Iran denying access to the country. The mission calls for a new probe into rights violations with a broader scope than just the protests and their aftermath. The report will be presented to the Human Rights Council on Tuesday.