Israel has initiated the first phase of a significant military operation to capture Gaza City, a move that marks a substantial escalation in the ongoing conflict. This offensive, codenamed "Operation Gideon's Chariot II," commenced on August 20, 2025, with Israeli troops reportedly controlling the outskirts of the city.
The operation follows the collapse of a previous ceasefire on March 18, 2025, and is part of a broader strategy to dismantle Hamas's military and governing capabilities. The offensive is unfolding against a backdrop of intense diplomatic activity, with Hamas proposing a 60-day ceasefire on August 18, 2025, which includes the exchange of hostages for Palestinian prisoners. Israel has not yet officially responded to this proposal, leaving the immediate path forward uncertain.
The humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip continues to be a critical concern. The United Nations reports a stark deterioration, with the number of malnourished children tripling since March. Specifically, one in three children in Gaza City is now suffering from malnutrition, a figure that has seen a significant increase since the collapse of the previous ceasefire. Aid agencies warn of a preventable starvation crisis, with access constraints hindering the delivery of essential supplies.
Internationally, the offensive has drawn considerable attention and concern. The German foreign minister, Johann Wadephul, has called for an immediate ceasefire and emphasized the necessity of a two-state solution for lasting peace. He expressed Germany's support for Israel's security while also urging greater measures to alleviate suffering in Gaza. The UN Secretary-General, António Guterres, has also urged an immediate ceasefire, warning of massive civilian casualties and advocating for a comprehensive solution that includes the establishment of a Palestinian state.
In preparation for the ground offensive, Israel has mobilized tens of thousands of reservists, with their deployment scheduled for September. Despite international criticism and calls for de-escalation, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has stressed the importance of accelerating the offensive to defeat Hamas. The Israeli military has stated that the operation aims to secure and hold areas previously cleared, targeting Hamas's extensive underground tunnel network, which is considered the group's main stronghold. The operation is anticipated to last between four to six months.