The United Nations Security Council has approved by 12 votes in favor with 3 abstentions (Russia, China, and Pakistan) a resolution to significantly bolster the Multinational Security Support (MSS) mission in Haiti, transforming it into a robust "Gang Suppression Force" (GSF). This decision, made on September 30, 2025, authorizes the deployment of up to 5,500 personnel, a substantial increase from the previous mission's approximately 1,000 members. The GSF's mandate is to combat pervasive gang violence, restore order, and facilitate humanitarian aid delivery, representing a renewed international commitment to stabilizing Haiti and enabling free and fair elections.
The resolution, co-sponsored by the United States and Panama, underscores a unified global effort to address Haiti's severe security deterioration, which has been exacerbated since the 2021 assassination of President Jovenel Moïse. This power vacuum allowed armed gangs to flourish, leading to widespread displacement, with over 1.3 million Haitians forced from their homes, and a dire humanitarian situation, including acute food insecurity affecting approximately 5 million people. The economic impact has been devastating, with gang control over key transportation routes disrupting supply chains and increasing the cost of essential goods.
Between October 2024 and June 2025, gang violence resulted in 4,864 deaths across Haiti, with significant increases reported in the Artibonite and Centre departments. According to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, in 2024, at least 5,601 people died as a result of gang actions, over a thousand more than in 2023. Additionally, 2,212 people were injured and 1,494 were kidnapped. Human Rights Watch has emphasized the critical need for the GSF to be adequately resourced, staffed, and equipped, with stringent human rights safeguards. The organization advocates for the mission to operate as a full-fledged UN operation to ensure comprehensive support and accountability, highlighting the delicate balance required between forceful intervention and the protection of fundamental human rights.
The transformation of the MSS into the GSF marks a significant escalation in international efforts, moving beyond general security support to a more targeted approach against organized criminal elements. This initiative aims to provide a more effective framework for restoring stability and enabling Haiti's recovery and democratic development. The previous MSS mission, initiated in June 2024, had shown mixed results in its efforts to support the Haitian National Police against rampant gang activity, facing serious problems including a lack of funding and personnel. The expanded force is expected to operate independently and in coordination with Haitian authorities, bringing a renewed sense of purpose and capability to the mission. The US has pledged significant funds to support the mission, including over $380 million under the Biden administration. Canada has also reportedly provided $40 million in financial support.