In a bold move to combat climate change, scientists are exploring a Planetary Sunshade System (PSS), a massive space-based structure designed to reduce the amount of sunlight reaching Earth. The project, led by Marina Coco from the Polytechnic University of Turin, aims to stabilize global temperatures through a novel approach to solar geoengineering.
The sunshade is not intended to orbit Earth like a typical satellite. Instead, it will be positioned at the L1 Lagrange point, approximately 2.36 million kilometers from Earth. At this location, the sun's radiation will keep the sunshade aligned, casting a consistent shadow on our planet. This innovative use of physics allows the system to operate for extended periods without needing large amounts of propellant.
Before deploying a full-scale system, researchers have designed a precursor mission using a 12U CubeSat. This small spacecraft will test critical technologies, including specialized optical shielding materials and solar sailing propulsion. The mission will also test autonomous control systems and spacecraft formation flying, essential for coordinating the thousands of components needed for a full planetary sunshade.
The mission has several crucial objectives. It will test whether specialized optical shielding materials can survive the harsh space environment over long periods. The mission will demonstrate solar sailing as a viable propulsion method. This sustainable propulsion technique would be essential for maintaining the position and orientation of a full scale sunshade without depleting fuel reserves.
This test mission, estimated to cost $10 million, represents a relatively modest investment in potentially game-changing technology. The researchers plan to utilize ride-share launch opportunities to reduce costs. This mission is a crucial first step in developing space-based climate intervention capabilities.
The data collected will refine designs, validate technologies, and assess the feasibility of using space-based systems to address climate change. Success could lead to larger demonstration missions and operational systems. As traditional approaches struggle, innovative solutions like planetary sunshades may become increasingly important in maintaining a habitable planet.