Space-based solar power (SBSP), once considered technologically infeasible and too expensive, is making a comeback thanks to new technologies and business models. Innovators are now exploring SBSP to provide continuous power to any location on Earth, regardless of the time of day. This differs from traditional satellite connectivity, which focuses on telecommunications and internet access.
Early SBSP concepts from the 1960s involved microwave power transmission and massive structures in space, making them economically impractical. Current efforts are focused on achieving feasibility and tangible results within a few years, utilizing technologies such as infrared lasers or concentrated sunlight to transmit power to solar panels.
Companies like Aetherflux are planning proof-of-concept tests with small satellites in low Earth orbit and a single receiver on the ground or in space, with future plans for a satellite constellation using infrared lasers. Other companies, such as Star Catcher, are concentrating on space-to-space solar power, which could beam energy to power spacecraft.
SBSP entrepreneurs aim to compete with terrestrial power prices, particularly in remote areas, disaster zones, or even to power ships and aircraft. Countries like China are also exploring the use of lasers to power lunar missions, including the International Lunar Research Station.
Continued support for research and development is essential to ensure further advancements in SBSP technology.