In a groundbreaking study published in Nature Genetics in May 2025, researchers have identified 25 genes linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This is the first time specific genes have been pinpointed as playing a role in the condition, marking a significant leap in understanding the genetic basis of OCD.
The global study, involving over 50,000 individuals with OCD and 2 million without, pinpointed approximately 250 genes linked to OCD. It revealed that these genes are most active in the hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex—brain areas previously implicated in OCD. The research also uncovered a substantial overlap of genes shared with anxiety disorders, depression, and anorexia nervosa.
These findings offer hope for faster diagnosis and more targeted treatments. Researchers aim to leverage these genetic insights to identify existing drugs that may be effective for OCD patients and pave the way for innovative treatment options. This study marks a significant advancement in the field, potentially transforming the lives of millions affected by this often debilitating disorder.