In recent years, Odisha's Kendrapara district has witnessed a surge in crocodile attacks, particularly during the monsoon season. The Bhitarkanika National Park, home to a significant population of saltwater crocodiles, has been at the center of these incidents. The park's crocodile population has been increasing, leading to more frequent human-crocodile interactions.
In June 2025, a 45-year-old woman was killed after being attacked by a crocodile in the Kharasrota river at Tanladia village. This incident marked the 10th crocodile attack-related death in the district over the past two years. Such attacks have become more common, especially during the wet season, as crocodiles venture into human settlements. Villagers, primarily dependent on river resources, have been attacked while bathing, fishing, or washing. Despite efforts like closing bathing ghats and conducting awareness campaigns, the human-animal conflict continues to claim lives.
In response to these incidents, the forest department has increased barricading efforts and conducted awareness drives by engaging local residents and using pamphlets and loudspeaker announcements. However, these measures have been insufficient, as many villagers disregard safety advisories, and prohibitions are not always enforced during the nesting season. A comprehensive approach is necessary to address the root causes of this conflict. First and foremost, the construction and maintenance of appropriately fenced, designated bathing ghats along all river segments that are susceptible are essential. These ghats should have lights, suitable announcements, and barriers that are impervious to crocodiles. Through community outreach and incentive programs, usage must be promoted.
Secondly, eradicating open defecation near water bodies is crucial. Even though Odisha made significant progress during the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, the most isolated and riverine village areas are still most impacted by poor sanitation. The problem can be managed by building and maintaining community restrooms and using behavior-change messaging from women's organizations and village youths. Priority should be given to improving the water infrastructure as well. Bore wells and solar-powered pumps can provide safe alternatives in villages. The use of hazardous river access points will decrease with a secure water supply system. Posters and announcements shouldn't be the only tools used in awareness campaigns. Children can be taught safety habits through school programs, and local capacity can be increased by educating community volunteers to serve as 'river safety monitors.'
Last but not least, there needs to be consistent monitoring of crocodile movements and quick reaction systems for relocating problematic individuals. Penalties for unlawful fishing within the park boundaries must be strictly enforced, and forest patrols need to be increased. Kendrapara can only manage the human cost of its conservation legacy by implementing consistent, inclusive community-based interventions that are informed by science.