Mount Etna, Europe's most active volcano, is currently in a state of sustained eruption, characterized by effusive lava flows and Strombolian activity originating from its Southeast Crater. A lava flow is progressing southwestward from a vent situated at approximately 3,200 meters on the volcano's southern flank.
Additional effusive activity is observed from a vent at 3,100 meters, with its lava front reaching an elevation of 3,050 meters. A third vent, located at 2,980 meters, is producing a lava flow whose front has been tracked to approximately 2,500 meters. The Southeast Crater remains a focal point for Strombolian activity, with pyroclastic material being ejected beyond its rim.
Mount Etna's summit elevation is dynamic, with recent reports indicating a height of 3,403 meters, though this figure is subject to change with ongoing eruptive events. Seismic monitoring reveals that the average amplitude of volcanic tremor has remained at elevated levels over the past 24 hours, with significant fluctuations. The source of this tremor is pinpointed beneath the Southeast Crater, at a depth of roughly 3,000 meters above sea level.
Mount Etna's lavas are primarily basaltic, known for their fluidity and ability to travel considerable distances. Historically, the volcano's activity has profoundly shaped the region's landscape and history. Notable past eruptions include the destructive 1669 event that reached the city of Catania, and the 2001 and 2002-2003 eruptions which lasted for weeks and months, respectively. The fertile volcanic soils produced by Etna's activity have historically supported extensive agriculture, with vineyards and orchards thriving on its lower slopes, contributing to the region's economic vitality.
Mount Etna's designation as a Decade Volcano by the United Nations underscores its significance and the ongoing need for continuous monitoring and research.