The Caspian Sea is facing a critical decline in water levels due to climate change, impacting biodiversity and regional economies. Rising temperatures are increasing evaporation, leading to a reduction in the sea's overall volume. This issue demands urgent, coordinated action from the five Caspian Sea bordering countries.
According to Igor Shumakov, head of the Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), predictions indicate that this decline will continue for at least the next 10-15 years. Speaking at the 11th Nevsky International Ecological Congress in May 2025, Shumakov highlighted the need for adaptation measures to mitigate the negative impacts on navigation, oil extraction, biodiversity, and fisheries.
A study led by the University of Leeds, published in April 2025, warns that even if global warming is limited to below 2°C, the Caspian Sea level is likely to decline by 5 to 10 meters by 2100. If temperatures rise further, water levels could drop by as much as 21 meters. This decline threatens the endangered Caspian seal by reducing breeding habitat and restricts access to spawning rivers for sturgeons. Collaborative efforts are essential to address this ecological crisis and ensure sustainable management of the Caspian Sea's resources.