Recent scientific research has highlighted the significant potential of *Salvinia molesta*, commonly known as giant salvinia, an aquatic fern native to southeastern Brazil, to help address global water contamination issues.
This fast-growing plant has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to absorb toxic heavy metals and antibiotic residues from polluted water bodies and soils. A study conducted in 2023 indicated that *S. molesta* effectively reduced copper levels in wastewater by 41.48% when treated with batik wastewater. The same research also observed an improvement in water quality, evidenced by increased dissolved oxygen levels post-treatment. Further investigations in 2023 revealed the plant's effectiveness in removing antibiotics, showing that *S. molesta*, when used in conjunction with duckweed (*Lemna minor*), can eliminate up to 97% of ciprofloxacin from contaminated water sources. These findings underscore the fern's versatility in addressing a range of pollutants.
Phytoremediation, the process of using plants to clean up contaminated environments, is increasingly recognized as a sustainable solution. *Salvinia molesta* is a prime example of a plant with substantial phytoremediation capabilities. Research suggests that aquatic plants can sequester and degrade chemical pollutants, offering a nature-based approach to environmental cleanup. The efficacy of phytoremediation can be further enhanced by combining different types of aquatic plants, such as floating, submerged, and emergent species, to target a wider spectrum of contaminants.
However, the aggressive growth and invasive tendencies of *Salvinia molesta* in certain regions, leading to its inclusion on Europe's List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern since 2019, necessitate careful ecological consideration for its widespread application. Its rapid proliferation can result in dense mats that block sunlight, reduce dissolved oxygen, and negatively impact aquatic biodiversity. Human activities, including cultivation in aquariums and ponds and subsequent release into natural waterways, often facilitate its spread.
Despite these challenges, ongoing research continues to explore methods for harnessing the beneficial properties of *Salvinia molesta* while mitigating its invasive potential. This research offers a promising outlook for more sustainable global water management practices.