A new species of ichthyosaur, named Eurhinosaurus mistelgauensis, has been discovered in the Mistelgau clay pit in Bavaria, Germany. The fossils, published in the journal Fossil Record in September 2025, offer new insights into Jurassic marine ecosystems. The Mistelgau clay pit, part of the Jurensismergel Formation, has been a significant site for fossil discoveries since excavations began in 1998, led by the Urwelt-Museum Oberfranken.
The find includes two nearly complete, three-dimensionally preserved skeletons and a partial snout, providing a detailed view of the ancient marine reptile. These specimens represent the most recent known examples of the Eurhinosaurus genus, extending its known presence further into the Jurassic period. The Urwelt-Museum Oberfranken has been instrumental in the careful excavation and preparation of these valuable fossils.
Eurhinosaurus mistelgauensis is characterized by a pronounced overbite, similar to its genus, giving it a swordfish-like appearance. However, unique features such as robust ribs and specific details in the skull-to-neck joint differentiate it from previously identified species. While some Eurhinosaurus species could reach up to seven meters, the Mistelgau specimens were smaller, with the largest measuring just over four meters.
The exceptional preservation of these fossils allows for detailed study of joints and ribs. Museum director Dr. Serjoscha Evers noted that the site provides rare insights into a geological period with a sparse fossil record worldwide. Further research is ongoing, including analyses of injuries preserved in the skeletons, which are expected to shed light on the ecology and life history of these ancient predators. The discovery of Eurhinosaurus mistelgauensis enriches our understanding of Earth's ancient oceans.