The European Union's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, which came into force on August 1, 2024, aims to regulate AI technologies to ensure safety, transparency, and respect for fundamental rights. A key component of this regulation is the Code of Practice for General-Purpose AI (GPAI) models, designed to assist companies in complying with the Act's requirements. This voluntary code focuses on transparency, copyright protection, and the safety and security of advanced AI systems.
On July 30, 2025, Google announced its decision to sign the EU's Code of Practice for AI, expressing hope that this move would promote access to secure, high-quality AI tools for European citizens and businesses. However, Google also raised concerns that certain provisions of the code could potentially hinder innovation and competitiveness, particularly regarding copyright law and trade secret exposure.
In contrast, Meta Platforms has declined to sign the code, citing legal uncertainties and concerns that the code's measures exceed the scope of the AI Act. Meta's refusal underscores the ongoing debate about balancing innovation with regulatory oversight in the AI sector.
The EU's AI Act, considered the world's strictest regime for regulating AI, is set to come into force in August 2025. The Act introduces a uniform framework across all EU countries, based on a forward-looking definition of AI and a risk-based approach. It classifies AI applications by their risk of causing harm, with provisions for minimal, limited, high, and unacceptable risk categories. The Act also establishes a European Artificial Intelligence Board to promote national cooperation and ensure compliance with the regulation.
As the AI industry continues to evolve, the decisions of companies like Google and Meta highlight the complexities of navigating regulatory landscapes. The future of AI development in Europe will depend on the ability to balance innovation with ethical considerations, ensuring that technological advancements align with societal values and legal frameworks.