The global space race is intensifying, with significant advancements from nations such as China and Russia, alongside a surge in commercial space initiatives. This evolving landscape, driven by private investment and technological innovation, presents substantial opportunities for enhancing military capabilities. U.S. leaders and allied nations are currently developing strategies for commercial integration, requiring more than financial investment; a proactive approach to spectrum management is essential for collaboration between federal agencies and commercial satellite operators.
President Biden has identified radio frequency spectrum as a critical national resource. The National Spectrum Strategy aims to ensure adequate spectrum access for federal missions, with a focus on five spectrum bands totaling 2,786 megahertz for near-term study. Notably, 1,275 megahertz of the spectrum under consideration is in the X-band, crucial for U.S. and allied military SATCOM operations.
Despite the Department of Defense's (DoD) shift toward low Earth orbit capabilities, legacy geosynchronous satellites remain vital, posing vulnerabilities. To enhance resilience, integrating commercial capabilities with federal operations is imperative. This integration complicates adversaries' targeting calculus while providing additional options for U.S. and allied forces.
At the recent Spacepower 2024 Conference, Rebecca Cowen-Hirsch of Viasat emphasized the need for greater integration of commercial services with military capabilities. Viasat's Global Express constellation exemplifies how commercial operators can deliver trusted services in federal spectrums. However, challenges remain, as some companies have had to file for spectrum outside U.S. or NATO jurisdictions.
Innovative public-private partnerships, such as those involving XTAR, Hisdesat, and MOD Spain, demonstrate the potential of combining commercial and military strengths to meet shared objectives. The U.S. Navy is currently working to integrate these commercial capabilities into its operations to enhance resilience and respond to increasing demands.
Lt. Gen. Guetlein has stressed the need for a fundamental shift in U.S. space operations, emphasizing closer collaboration with both commercial and international partners. This evolving dynamic marks a significant change in the U.S. approach to space, particularly during crises.
Sharing federal spectrum with commercial providers presents mutual benefits, fostering innovation and enhancing national security. The U.S. commitment to commercial integration could solidify its leadership in global space exploration and technology.