The PUNCH mission aims to deepen insights into the Sun's corona and solar wind, with a launch scheduled for late February 2025. The constellation of satellites will orbit along the day-night line, ensuring continuous sunlight exposure and an unobstructed view of solar phenomena.
Three satellites will feature Wide Field Imagers (WFI) developed by the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), capable of capturing images from 18 to 180 solar radii away from the Sun. These instruments utilize advanced optics to minimize direct sunlight interference, allowing for detailed observation of the faint outer regions of the solar corona.
The fourth satellite will carry a Narrow Field Imager, designed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, to provide continuous imaging of the solar corona. Collectively, the four satellites will operate as a synchronized 'virtual instrument,' covering approximately a quarter of the sky centered on the Sun.
This innovative observational capacity will enable scientists to accurately track coronal mass ejections, a significant advancement over current observational technologies. PUNCH Project Manager Ronnie Killough expressed confidence in the mission's success following extensive testing and integration efforts.
Meanwhile, the University of Alaska Fairbanks’ Poker Flat Research Range prepares for its first rocket launches of the season, focusing on understanding black auroras. The facility, operating under a NASA contract, has a long history of launching sounding rockets and will utilize Black Brant IX rockets for the upcoming missions.
Researchers aim to investigate the electron dynamics within black auroras, which are characterized by localized decreases in auroral particle precipitation. The collaborative efforts involve multiple institutions and will enhance the understanding of auroral phenomena and atmospheric processes.