In a groundbreaking study published in Nature Communications, an international team of researchers has created mouse stem cells capable of developing into a fully formed mouse using genetic tools derived from choanoflagellates, single-celled organisms that share a common ancestor with animals. This discovery, announced on November 19, 2024, challenges existing beliefs about the origins of stem cell genes.
Led by Alex de Mendoza from Queen Mary University of London, the research utilized the Sox and POU genes found in choanoflagellates, previously thought to have evolved only within animals. The successful creation of a chimeric mouse, which displayed traits from both the donor embryo and the lab-induced stem cells, marks a significant advancement in our understanding of genetic evolution.
De Mendoza stated, "By successfully creating a mouse using molecular tools derived from our single-celled relatives, we're witnessing an extraordinary continuity of function across nearly a billion years of evolution." This research implies that key genes involved in stem cell formation may have originated much earlier than previously thought, potentially paving the way for multicellular life.
The study also offers insights into regenerative medicine. Understanding the evolutionary history of stem cell mechanisms could lead to enhanced therapies for diseases and improved techniques for cellular reprogramming. Ralf Jauch, a collaborator on the project, emphasized the potential for innovation, stating, "Studying the ancient roots of these genetic tools lets us innovate with a clearer view of how pluripotency mechanisms can be tweaked or optimized." This could involve experimenting with synthetic versions of these genes, which might outperform native animal genes under specific conditions.
This research not only reshapes our understanding of genetic evolution but also opens new avenues for medical advancements, highlighting the importance of ancient genetic mechanisms in the development of complex life forms.