Researchers are exploring the potential of hibernation for human space travel, a concept traditionally thought impossible for humans. Hibernation, a natural phenomenon observed in various animals, allows them to conserve energy during harsh winters by entering a deep state of rest.
With space exploration as a focus, NASA is investigating ways to adapt these processes for humans. The vastness of space presents significant challenges, with some journeys taking years even at near-light speeds. The idea of human stasis—halting blood flow or other organic materials—emerges as a compelling option for future missions.
However, achieving human stasis would likely require substantial medical intervention, as humans lack the biological mechanisms for such a process. A study from the University of Greifswald, led by Gerald Kerth, examined the role of red blood cells, specifically erythrocytes, in facilitating hibernation.
The research indicates that one of the main challenges of hibernation is maintaining blood circulation at low body temperatures, which heavily relies on the viscoelastic properties of red blood cells. During hibernation, animals experience a significant drop in internal temperatures. The study found that bat erythrocytes become less elastic and more viscous under these conditions, allowing oxygen circulation to continue.
In contrast, human erythrocytes do not adapt similarly and suspend their evolution at lower temperatures. While the practical applications for space travel may still be decades away, the study highlights promising short-term uses for induced human stasis.
For instance, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is already used by doctors during surgeries to temporarily stop brain and heart activity. Modifying red blood cell properties to enhance circulation during these procedures could revolutionize medical treatments.
In the future, human stasis could transform how we approach space missions. By reducing metabolic activity, astronauts might conserve resources during prolonged periods in a sleep-like state. This would address logistical challenges such as food and oxygen supply while alleviating the psychological stress of extended isolation.
Despite the potential implications of these findings, it is important to note that this study is preliminary, and further research is necessary, as acknowledged by the authors.