A recent breakthrough in genomic research is offering new hope for the conservation of the critically endangered saola, often dubbed the "Asian unicorn." In May 2025, an international team of scientists successfully mapped the genomes of 26 saolas, using remains collected from hunter households.
The saola, scientifically described in 1993, remains one of the world's rarest large land mammals. It faces significant threats from habitat loss, indiscriminate snaring, and illegal hunting in the Annamite Mountains along the border between Vietnam and Laos.
The genome mapping revealed that the saola population split into two genetically distinct groups between 5,000 and 20,000 years ago. Researchers aim to use this information to support a captive breeding program, potentially mixing individuals from both populations to restore genetic diversity and improve the species' chances of long-term survival. Efforts are underway to establish a well-equipped captive breeding facility in Vietnam, with the hope of capturing live saolas and reintroducing them into protected areas.