The total number of exoplanets discovered to date totals 5,288, including rocky, Earth-like candidates. However, none have been found with atmospheres until now. Researchers have developed a new technique to detect atmospheres by measuring the combined temperature of a star and an exoplanet just before the planet passes behind the star. If the temperature is lower than expected, it suggests the presence of an atmosphere regulating the planet's temperature.
This innovative approach, led by PhD student Qiao Xue from the University of Chicago, builds on a method proposed in 2019 that analyzes temperature differences between the hottest and coldest states of the exoplanet. An atmosphere would distribute heat more evenly across the planet's surface, resulting in a lower daytime temperature.
Utilizing the advanced capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope, the team applied this method to the exoplanet GJ1132 b, located 41 light-years away. Their findings indicated that GJ1132 b does not possess an atmosphere, as its measured temperature aligns closely with its calculated maximum temperature, ruling it out as a candidate for supporting life.
This breakthrough in exoplanet research is significant as it enhances our understanding of the conditions necessary for life beyond Earth, paving the way for future discoveries in the quest for habitable worlds.