The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health emergency on August 13, 2025, due to the escalating impact of persistent heatwaves across Europe. This declaration highlights the significant influence of extreme temperatures on the continent's health, marked by an increase in diseases previously uncommon in the region and a surge in hospitalizations.
The WHO reports a concerning 30% rise in heat-related mortality over the past two decades, resulting in over 100,000 fatalities, with projections indicating a further increase. These rising temperatures are altering infectious disease patterns, straining European healthcare systems. For example, locally transmitted dengue cases within the European Union and European Economic Area have surged by 368% between 2022 and 2024. Emergency room visits during heatwaves have also increased, with notable rises in admissions for cardiac, pulmonary, and renal conditions. Mental well-being is also significantly affected, with widespread reports of sleep deterioration, heightened anxiety, and diminished cognitive function. Individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions are particularly vulnerable. The workforce is also impacted, with an average annual loss of 16 hours per worker in highly exposed sectors due to heat stress.