The United States, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt, collectively known as the "Quad," have announced a detailed roadmap to end the protracted conflict in Sudan. The plan, revealed on September 12, 2025, proposes a phased approach starting with a three-month humanitarian truce, followed by a permanent ceasefire, and culminating in a nine-month process to establish a civilian-led government.
This coordinated initiative aims to leverage the significant influence these nations hold over both the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the primary belligerents. The overarching objective is to facilitate a transition that aligns with the Sudanese people's aspirations for an independent, legitimate, and accountable civilian administration. The plan acknowledges that there is no viable military solution to the conflict, emphasizing the unacceptable suffering and risks to regional peace and security posed by the ongoing stalemate.
The diplomatic push follows previous de-escalation and humanitarian aid efforts, including a significant meeting in Saudi Arabia in August 2025. The United States has also taken independent action, imposing sanctions on Sudanese Finance Minister Jibril Ibrahim and the Baraa Ibn-Malik Brigade, an Islamist militia allied with the army. These sanctions are intended to curb Islamist influence and regional destabilization activities, with the Treasury Department stating they aim to limit Islamist influence within Sudan and curtail Iran's regional activities.
The conflict, which began on April 15, 2023, has resulted in tens of thousands of lives lost and millions displaced, creating what the United Nations describes as the world's worst humanitarian crisis. The impact extends beyond Sudan's borders, threatening regional stability and exacerbating humanitarian crises in neighboring countries, with millions seeking refuge in nations like Chad and South Sudan. The Quad's plan explicitly rejects any role for groups linked to the Muslim Brotherhood in the transitional process, reflecting a shared concern among the Quad nations regarding Islamist influence in the region.
The success of this ambitious plan hinges on the acceptance and commitment of both the SAF and the RSF. While the warring parties have yet to issue a formal response, the international community is closely observing the developments, recognizing the profound implications for Sudan's future and the broader regional landscape. The coordinated approach by the Quad nations signifies a renewed commitment to peace, aiming to steer Sudan toward a future defined by civilian governance and stability.