Widespread demonstrations swept across major European cities on October 4, 2025, following the Israeli navy's interception of a Gaza-bound aid flotilla the previous day. The incident, which occurred on October 2, 2025, ignited public outcry and led to significant protests, highlighting the escalating humanitarian crisis in Gaza and straining international relations.
The Global Sumud Flotilla, comprising over 40 ships and carrying approximately 500 activists, aimed to deliver humanitarian aid and challenge the blockade of Gaza. Among the prominent figures on board were climate activist Greta Thunberg and Mandla Mandela, grandson of Nelson Mandela, alongside European lawmakers and former Barcelona Mayor Ada Colau. Israeli forces intercepted the flotilla in international waters, detaining dozens of activists and preparing them for deportation. Organizers condemned the action as illegal and a breach of international law, while Israel's Foreign Ministry stated the activists were safe and being transferred to Israel.
The interception prompted immediate and substantial protests across Europe. In Barcelona, an estimated 70,000 people took to the streets on October 4, 2025, voicing their solidarity with Gaza and condemning Israel's actions with signs reading "Gaza hurts me" and "Stop the Genocide." Tens of thousands marched in Rome on October 4, 2025, in a demonstration organized by Palestinian organizations, unions, and students. In London, a protest in support of Palestine Action proceeded despite police requests for postponement following a recent attack, resulting in at least 175 arrests.
Beyond these major cities, solidarity demonstrations echoed in numerous other European capitals, including Berlin, Paris, Athens, with activists demanding stronger sanctions against Israel and an end to the blockade. In Brussels, approximately 3,000 people gathered near the European Parliament building, demanding that the EU "break the blockade". The scale and fervor of these protests underscore a growing public sentiment in Europe, reflecting a significant shift in attitudes towards the ongoing conflict and the humanitarian situation in Gaza. The incident has intensified diplomatic strains, with European leaders facing increased pressure to address the humanitarian crisis and reassess their relations with Israel.