The European Union and China convened a summit in Beijing on July 24, 2025, marking the 50th anniversary of their diplomatic relations. The meeting, attended by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, European Council President António Costa, Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Premier Li Qiang, focused on bilateral relations and global challenges, including the conflict in Ukraine.
Trade imbalances were a central topic, with the EU expressing concerns over China's market access restrictions and state subsidies affecting European businesses. The EU called for more equitable trade practices and greater transparency. Additionally, the EU urged China to play a more constructive role in ending the war in Ukraine and supporting peace efforts, emphasizing the global ramifications of continued instability. Discussions also touched on issues like Chinese industrial overcapacity and electric vehicles. China’s recent rare earth export controls had disrupted supply chains but saw a sharp rebound in June exports to the EU.
Despite tensions, a joint statement on climate cooperation was issued, highlighting shared goals in renewable energy and green transition. However, other issues loomed large, including Beijing's trade surplus, export restrictions on key minerals, and the EU's investigations into Chinese subsidies. China's exports to the EU rose by 7% while EU imports declined by 6%, further fueling European complaints about market imbalances.
The summit underscored significant friction but also mutual recognition of the need for dialogue on pressing global challenges such as climate change and economic recovery. Both parties acknowledged differences but expressed a desire for constructive, stable ties.