The United Nations Security Council has unanimously decided to conclude the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) mission by December 31, 2026. This decision marks a significant transition for security in southern Lebanon, with the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) set to assume full responsibility.
Established in 1978 to oversee Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, UNIFIL's mandate was expanded following the 2006 conflict between Israel and Hezbollah. The recent resolution, driven in part by persistent U.S. advocacy, reflects a consensus among major powers. The U.S. Ambassador to the UN indicated this extension is the final one, emphasizing the changing security environment in Lebanon.
While France and other European allies initially had reservations about the LAF's capacity, a compromise was reached, setting a clear timeline for UNIFIL's phased withdrawal. This transition period is intended to facilitate an orderly drawdown of UNIFIL's approximately 10,800 personnel and equipment. The shift places significant emphasis on the LAF's capabilities, though concerns remain regarding their current resource levels and operational capacity.
In response to these concerns, initiatives such as a proposed European Union-led training mission are being considered to bolster the LAF's expertise, particularly in areas like Explosive Ordnance Disposal. Meanwhile, regional dynamics are evolving, with Saudi Arabia and Qatar expressing readiness to invest in an economic zone in southern Lebanon designed to create employment opportunities for Hezbollah members who disarm. Hezbollah leadership has reportedly rejected this initiative, highlighting the complexities of disarmament efforts.
This UN Security Council decision represents a pivotal moment, offering Lebanon an opportunity to assert greater sovereignty and responsibility for its security. As UNIFIL prepares for its final phase, the focus shifts to strengthening national institutions and fostering regional stability through coordinated international support and a commitment to self-reliance.