Scientists are striving to improve solar storm forecasting, which is currently limited by a lack of comprehensive data regarding coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The orientation of the CME's magnetic field, particularly the Bz component, is crucial for determining the storm's impact on Earth. Current technology allows detection of the Bz component only 1 to 2 hours before impact, leaving minimal time to prepare.
Solar physicist Valentín Martínez Pillet emphasizes the need for more extensive solar observation to improve space weather forecasting. The European Space Agency's (ESA) Vigil mission, scheduled to launch in 2031 to Lagrange point L5, seeks to address this issue. It will monitor solar eruptions from the side, helping scientists detect the shape, speed, and magnetic orientation (Bz) of incoming CMEs potentially providing up to a week's advance notice.
Experts warn of the potential for severe damage from solar storms. The Carrington Event in September 1859 disrupted telegraph systems, and a near miss in 2012 could have cost trillions of dollars. Enhanced solar coverage is vital to mitigate the growing risks associated with our reliance on technology. Predicting the Bz component of oncoming CMEs can significantly improve preparedness for solar storm effects.