A significant advancement in metrology has been achieved with the development of a singular quantum device capable of precisely measuring the three fundamental electrical units: the ampere, the volt, and the ohm. This innovation is poised to streamline electrical measurements, substantially enhancing accuracy and minimizing human error.
The device integrates a quantum anomalous Hall resistor (QAHR) with a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) within a unified cryostat, providing the necessary low-temperature environment. A key challenge overcome was the integration of these two systems, which typically have distinct operating requirements. This was achieved through the use of a novel material that exhibits its quantum properties without the need for an external magnetic field. This advancement is particularly significant as the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) allows for quantum resistance standards to operate without the large magnetic fields previously required, simplifying infrastructure and enabling direct integration with Josephson voltage standards to create a quantum current standard.
Operating on the principles of quantum mechanics, this integrated device delivers highly precise voltage measurements, ranging from 0.24 millivolts to 6.5 millivolts with negligible error. It also provides exceptionally accurate measurements of electrical resistance and current. The adoption of this technology by leading laboratories and national measurement institutions is anticipated, potentially leading to more reliable and precise data across a wide spectrum of scientific and industrial fields. The development of such a multifunction quantum instrument is expected to spur further innovation in topological material systems and cryostat design.
The research detailing these advancements has been published in the journal Nature Electronics. This breakthrough aligns with the broader trend in quantum electrical metrology, where advancements are continuously being made to enhance measurement capabilities through quantum strategies, leading to improved accuracy, usability, and reduced complexity and cost. Such progress is vital for meeting the demands of emerging technologies. For instance, the electrical and electronics sector, along with IT and telecommunications, are significant beneficiaries, with potential impacts on quality assurance and reduction of waste in production environments.
The economic implications are substantial, as approximately 40% of all calibration services in Europe are related to electrical calibration, highlighting the value of more accurate and efficient measurement tools. The European calibration services market is substantial, with projections indicating significant growth, driven by the need for precision in sectors like automotive, aerospace, and electronics.