Researchers at Kyoto University have developed a novel screening system that enables the investigation of sperm cell development and health at the molecular level. This approach, published in Cell Genomics, utilizes CRISPR technology to directly target genes within testicular cells in living organisms, a method that had previously been limited to laboratory-cultivated cells. By introducing a collection of genetic tools into testicular cells, the researchers can analyze the effects of specific genes on biochemical reactions in sperm cells, such as lipid movement in cell membranes.
The team focused on sperm cells with defective capacitation—a process essential for fertilization—by measuring calcium absorption. Their findings identified the Rd3 gene as crucial for maintaining sperm cell health during development. Despite Rd3's prior association with eye function, the study revealed its significant role in regulating sperm health, particularly in early-stage sperm cells. This discovery was facilitated by examining how Rd3 interacts with mitochondria, the energy-producing structures within cells.
To further understand Rd3's function, the researchers developed a computational tool that revealed its impact on regulating oxidative stress, a condition linked to cellular damage. Rd3's role in managing oxidative stress underscores its importance in maintaining sperm integrity during development.
These advancements not only enhance the understanding of sperm cell development but also demonstrate the potential to uncover mechanisms in various biological processes. The method can be applied to other tissues, potentially expediting the development of drugs for a wide range of diseases. The researchers are currently exploring alternative approaches to improve the effectiveness of their technique and plan to apply it to investigate various biological processes and diseases in other areas of the body.