Plasma Science Advances Address Global Challenges in Agriculture, Water Treatment, and Medicine

North Carolina State University researchers are pioneering the use of low-temperature plasmas to tackle critical global challenges. Plasma, often called the fourth state of matter, is being harnessed for sustainable agriculture, advanced water treatment, and innovative medical therapies. In agriculture, plasma technology offers a decentralized and efficient alternative to the Haber-Bosch process for nitrogen fertilizer production. By creating miniature lightning-like electrical discharges, nitrogen in the air is converted into plant-accessible forms, reducing environmental impact and improving fertilizer accessibility. Plasma-treated water can also serve as a disinfectant and algae remover in hydroponic systems, enhancing plant resilience. In water treatment, low-temperature plasmas show promise in removing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known as "forever chemicals," from contaminated water sources. This method offers a potential solution to the increasing concern over PFAS accumulation in the environment and human health. Furthermore, plasma technology is being explored in medicine for treating chronic wounds and fungal infections, with early research indicating potential as a novel cancer treatment strategy. These advancements highlight plasma science as a versatile tool with significant potential for addressing pressing global issues.