An international team of archaeologists uncovered a significant submerged port near the ancient Taposiris Magna temple in Egypt in 2025, believed to have been a vital maritime hub during the reign of Cleopatra VII. The discovery offers crucial insights into ancient Egypt's trade networks and its connections with the Roman world.
The extensive underwater exploration was led by archaeologist Dr. Kathleen Martínez from the National University of Pedro Enríquez Ureña, in collaboration with oceanographer Robert Ballard (Ocean Exploration Trust) and Dr. Larry Mayer from the University of New Hampshire. The team utilized advanced techniques, such as sonar surveys and 3D mapping, to identify underwater structures and artifacts. Among the findings were anchors, amphorae, and numerous stone and metal quays of various sizes, providing direct evidence of the port’s activity and its role in maritime trade.
The site of Taposiris Magna, founded between 280 and 270 BC by Ptolemy II Philadelphus, whose name means "great tomb of Osiris," was a significant religious center in the Ptolemaic period. The submerged port is thought to have been active during the 1st century BC, coinciding with the reign of Cleopatra VII. These discoveries expand understanding of Egypt's economic and political landscape at a time when maritime commerce was central to prosperity and regional influence.
This discovery reinforces historical accounts of Egypt's significant role as a maritime power. Studies suggest the old coastline was approximately 4 kilometers from the current submerged site, a shift likely influenced by seismic activity over centuries. The ongoing work at Taposiris Magna complements earlier finds, such as a 4,265-foot underground tunnel to the Mediterranean discovered in 2022.
The port’s discovery reinforces Egypt’s historical role as a major maritime power and provides valuable insight into its connections with the wider Mediterranean world. Ongoing excavations at Taposiris Magna promise to shed further light on the cultural and economic networks of Cleopatra’s era, strengthening knowledge of Egypt’s role in international trade and religion during the Ptolemaic period.