Archaeologists have discovered compelling evidence of Mayan ritual sacrifices within the Cueva de Sangre, or Blood Cave, located beneath the Dos Pilas archaeological site in Guatemala. The cave, used by the Maya between 400 BCE and 250 CE, contains fragmented human remains indicating violent sacrificial practices.
The discovery, presented at the Society for American Archaeology meeting on April 24, 2025, reveals that the bones, belonging to both adults and juveniles, show signs of dismemberment and traumatic injuries inflicted around the time of death. Forensic anthropologist Ellen Fricano from Western University of Health Sciences identified marks on a skull fragment and a child's hip bone, suggesting the use of a hatchet-like tool.
Bioarchaeologist Michele Bleuze from California State University, Los Angeles, noted that the remains were arranged in specific patterns, such as stacked skull caps, and were found alongside ritual items like red ochre and obsidian blades. The researchers believe these sacrifices were performed to appease the Maya rain god, Chaac, particularly during the dry season from March to May, to ensure rainfall and a bountiful harvest. Further DNA and isotope analysis are planned to learn more about the identities and origins of the sacrificed individuals.