New research suggests the Chavín culture used psychoactive substances in exclusive rituals. This culture predates the Inca Empire. The findings have social and political implications.
The study focuses on the Chavín people. They were located at Chavín de Huántar, a UNESCO site north of Lima, Peru. The structures date from approximately 1200 to 400-500 BC.
A team led by anthropologist Daniel Contreras analyzed 23 artifacts. These were found in hidden galleries of the ceremonial complex. The objects, bird bone tubes, revealed traces of DMT and wild tobacco plants.
Chemical tests showed six tubes contained DMT residue. Four tubes had traces of Nicotiana and vilca. Vilca is a South American plant traditionally used in visionary contexts.
The study suggests rituals were not for general access. The chambers were narrow, implying use by select Chavín elites. Researchers believe these spaces were managed as centers of symbolic power.
This research provides unprecedented material evidence. It suggests ritual practices contributed to hierarchy consolidation. This occurred in later Andean societies.