Genomics Advances Identify Genetic Factors in Childhood Obesity: PRS and Early Interventions

Recent genomic research has identified genetic factors associated with childhood obesity, affecting nearly one in five children aged 2-19. The "FTO gene" [Fat Mass and Obesity Associated gene] is widely studied as a monogenic cause, while high body mass index can result from polygenic causes, involving numerous genome-wide markers. Professionals can generate a "Polygenic Risk Score (PRS)" for childhood obesity risk by studying thousands of genes. A higher PRS indicates greater susceptibility to weight gain. Genetic testing, combined with medical and family history, dietary habits, exercise frequency, socio-economic background, environmental influences, and epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, enhances predictive accuracy. Early genetic screening, including direct sequencing and nutrigenomic tests, allows healthcare providers to implement targeted interventions, such as genetic and nutritional counseling, specialized fitness and dietary regimens, and regular weight monitoring. Researchers are exploring genetic editing technologies and machine learning algorithms to predict obesity risk, integrating genetic and environmental factors. Combining genetic insights with lifestyle approaches offers tailored solutions for early identification and effective interventions to promote healthy weight management.