Israeli researchers at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology announced Wednesday the discovery of a novel genetic defense against viruses within human cells. This finding, detailed in the journal Nature Communications, explores the interplay of two molecules, NORAD and STAT3, to create a rapid immune response. This research could lead to new medical treatments for viral infections.
NORAD, an RNA molecule, has important functions in genetic control, cell development, and prenatal growth. STAT3, a protein, is vital for managing genetic transcription and embryonic development. The research team found that a connection between NORAD and STAT3 normally prevents the immune system from launching an antiviral attack. However, when a virus invades, the cell breaks down NORAD molecules. This reduction in NORAD activity lessens STAT3's action, unleashing the immune system for a swift and powerful reaction, stopping the infection and blocking the virus from multiplying inside the cell.
The scientists also found that while both molecules are evolutionarily ancient, this specific defense system is unique to humans and closely related primates. They theorize this mechanism developed as a countermeasure to viruses that learned to manipulate infected cells to evade immune responses. This newly discovered process bypasses slower immune responses that viruses can potentially exploit, providing immediate protection.
The scientists believe the discovery can lead to new methods for fixing immune system 'malfunctions' and improving the fight against viral infections.