LAKE KARIBA, Zambia -- Zambia is grappling with an unprecedented energy crisis, primarily driven by a severe drought that has drastically reduced water levels in the Kariba Dam, the country's main source of hydroelectric power. The dam, which supplies over 80% of Zambia's electricity, is now operating at less than 10% of its capacity due to the drought exacerbated by climate change.
The Kariba Dam, a significant engineering feat built in the 1950s, has seen its water levels plummet, leaving only one of its six turbines operational. As a result, Zambians are enduring some of the worst electricity blackouts in memory, often going without power for days at a time.
The impact of this energy crisis is profound, affecting daily life and economic activities across the nation. Small businesses are struggling to operate, and many citizens are resorting to makeshift solutions, such as carrying their computers to cafes with generators to conduct business.
The drought, attributed to the El Niño weather pattern and rising global temperatures, has led to widespread food insecurity, prompting the government to declare national disasters and seek international aid. Economists warn that the prolonged power crisis could lead to increased poverty and economic contraction.
In response, the Zambian government is encouraging the adoption of solar energy, yet many citizens find the technology financially out of reach. Meanwhile, the government is resorting to diesel generators and plans to increase reliance on coal-fired power plants to address the immediate energy shortfall.
Experts emphasize the need for a diversified energy strategy to mitigate the risks associated with climate dependency. As Zambia awaits the rainy season, which is expected to start in November, there are concerns about the sustainability of hydroelectric power in the face of ongoing climate challenges.