Migrating baleen whales play a crucial role in distributing nutrients across the oceans, according to recent research. These whales transport essential elements like nitrogen from feeding areas to breeding waters, impacting marine ecosystems.
The Great Whale Conveyor Belt
The phenomenon, known as the "great whale conveyor belt," involves whales consuming large amounts of food in nutrient-rich polar regions and then migrating to tropical waters. During their migration, they release waste, which is rich in nitrogen, supporting the health of tropical ecosystems and fish populations.
Nitrogen Transport and Impact
A study published in Nature Communications in March 2025, highlights that whales globally transport approximately 4,000 tons of nitrogen annually to low-nutrient coastal areas. They also move over 45,000 tons of biomass. Humpback whales, for example, contribute significantly to nitrogen levels in areas like Hawaii, sometimes doubling the amount transported by local physical forces.
Conservation Efforts
Conservation efforts are vital to maintaining the whale populations and their role in nutrient distribution. Protecting migration routes and feeding zones ensures the health of marine ecosystems.