The Ancient Guayacan of Bajo de Véliz Park: A Living Symbol of San Luis' Geological Heritage

In the northern expanse of the Argentine province of San Luis, within the confines of the Provincial Park Bajo de Véliz, stands a remarkable specimen of the Guayacan tree (Porlieria microphylla). Revered by locals as the “Tree of Life,” this ancient growth is far more than a mere natural feature; it serves as a tangible emblem of resilience against the relentless march of time and environmental change. Its deep root system penetrates soil that holds the indelible imprint of one of South America's most venerable geological formations, a place where scientists have unearthed fossils dating back over three hundred million years. This extraordinary longevity underscores the tree’s significance. Consequently, the Guayacan functions as a vital, living connection, bridging the profound geological past of the continent with the contemporary ecosystem thriving in the Dry Chaco region today.

Established in 1989, Bajo de Véliz Park encompasses a substantial area of 6000 hectares, dedicated to safeguarding this singular environment. The park’s unique landscape is recognized internationally as a crucial paleontological site, specifically associated with the ancient history of the Pennsylvanian period. The Guayacan, which is indigenous to the northwestern regions of Argentina, has historically been highly prized for its wood, possessing extraordinary density and hardness. For centuries, local indigenous communities relied heavily on this robust timber for crafting essential tools, durable construction materials, and various artisanal objects necessary for daily life.

From a precise botanical perspective, Porlieria microphylla is technically classified as a woody shrub, typically reaching modest heights of up to 3 to 4 meters. It is easily identifiable by its bright yellow flowers and subsequent black fruits, each of which contains three spherical mericarps. The continued preservation of this species holds paramount importance for sustaining the delicate biodiversity of the local flora and fauna. Management efforts within the park are currently focused on developing sustainable tourism models, delicately balancing necessary visitor access with the imperative need to protect this irreplaceable natural heritage. Visitors consistently demonstrate profound respect for the area, striving to maintain its pristine silence and tranquility, recognizing the fragility of the site.

The growing appeal of this remote region is clearly substantiated by recent tourism figures. In January 2025, the park successfully welcomed 1,925 individuals, marking a strong start to the year. Furthermore, during the critical winter recess period in August 2025, Bajo de Véliz achieved the notable distinction of becoming the most frequented Protected Natural Area across the entire San Luis province. Situated near the town of Santa Rosa de Conlara, in the Junín department, this area offers not only geological wonders but also significant archaeological value. Evidence of the historical presence of the Comechingones tribes is found here, notably in the form of communal mortars meticulously carved into the stone landscape—artifacts that speak volumes about early human settlement.

Ultimately, the ancient Guayacan stands as a powerful, enduring testament to the continuity of life and human activity on this ancient land, offering every visitor a rare opportunity to connect with eternity and reflect on deep time. San Luis Province, whose administrative center shares the same name, is itself a region steeped in rich history, featuring a modern economy where the textile industry and ceramics production play significant roles. The sheer existence of this epoch-defying tree, having survived countless generations and geological shifts, serves as a potent reminder of the inherent strength that manifests when human actions align harmoniously with the natural order of things.